Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā meaʻai holoholona, ​​hiki i nā kala o nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā huaʻai āpau ke waihoʻoluʻu a nani hoʻi. ʻO ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻālohilohi o ka broccoli, ke kala poni o ka eggplant, ke kala melemele o nā kāloti, a me ke kala ʻulaʻula o nā pepa - no ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai kēia mau mea kanu? He aha ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i kēia mau kala?

ʻO nā Phytochromes kahi hui pū ʻana o ʻelua ʻano molekala pigment: nā pigment cytosolic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me nā pigment chloroplast hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka lipid. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mea mua e pili ana i nā anthocyanins, flavonoids e hāʻawi i ke kala i nā pua; no ka mea hope, ʻo nā carotenoids, luteins a me nā chlorophylls he mea maʻamau. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā pigment hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i loko o ka ethanol a me ka wai maʻamau akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā hui organik ʻē aʻe e like me ka ether a me ka chloroform. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā pigment momona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka methanol, akā maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka ethanol a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ʻē aʻe. Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka reagent acetate alakaʻi, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā pigment hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia; e loli pū nā kala ma muli o ka pH.

1.Kloropila

Loaʻa nui ʻia ka chlorophyll i nā lau, nā hua a me nā limu o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, a he ʻāpana nui ia o nā chloroplasts o nā mea kanu, kahi e kū nei me ka hui pū ʻana me nā protein i nā meaola ola.

He mea hoʻoikaika koko ka Chlorophyll, paipai i ka hematopoiesis, hoʻoulu i nā cell, nā hopena antibacterial a me nā anti-inflammatory, a pēlā aku. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema he hopena ko ka chlorophyll i ka pale ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā cell ai.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka chlorophyll e komo pū me: kale, nā ʻōpuʻu alfalfa, letus, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, etc.

ʻO ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mea nui o ke chlorophyll, kahi hui kala maʻamau loa i loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu āpau. E noʻonoʻo paha kekahi, pehea lā nā kāloti? Pehea lā kēia mau mea hoʻohui i kūlike ʻole ko lākou helehelena a me ke kala me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia pū kekahi chlorophyll i loko o nā kāloti, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa, akā ua uhi ʻia ka "ʻōmaʻomaʻo" e ka "melemele a me ka ʻalani".

2.Carotenoid

ʻO Carotenoids kahi huaʻōlelo laulā no nā isomers like ʻole o nā carotenoids a me kā lākou mau mea i loaʻa i nā mea kanu. He hui ia o nā mea kala i loaʻa nui ʻia ma ke ʻano, a ua ʻike mua ʻia i loko o nā kāloti, no laila ka inoa ʻo carotenoids.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i ka lawe nui ʻana i nā carotenoids kanaka ke hōʻemi i ka maʻi prostate pili i ka makahiki a me ka retinal macular degeneration pili i ka makahiki. No laila, ua ʻae ʻia nā carotenoids kūlohelohe e ke Kuhina Ola no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he meaʻai olakino anti-radiation. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano molekala o nā carotenoids like ʻole, a i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o 600 mau carotenoids.

Nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā carotenoids: kāloti, paukena, tōmato, citrus, kulina, a pēlā aku.

3.Flavonoid

ʻO nā pigments flavonoid, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he anthocyanins, he mau pigments wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia hoʻi. Mai ke ʻano kemika, he mea phenolic wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Loaʻa nui ia i loko o ke aupuni mea kanu, me nā ʻano derivatives like ʻole, a ua loaʻa nā tausani o nā ʻano. ʻAʻole loaʻa pinepine nā Flavonoids ma ke ʻano he monomers. Loaʻa nā ʻano flavonoids like ʻole i nā mea kanu o nā ʻohana like ʻole, nā kauoha, nā genus, a me nā ʻano; i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu e like me ka ʻili lāʻau, ke aʻa, a me ka pua, aia nā flavonoids like ʻole. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 400 mau ʻano a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe kala, melemele māmā a ʻalani ʻālohilohi paha, a ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ko lākou kala e ka pH.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoluʻu meaʻai kūlohelohe, palekana ka anthoxanthin, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai, a he mau hopena meaʻai a me nā hopena pharmacological. Loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui o nā hopena noiʻi ma ka home a ma waho e loaʻa i nā flavonoids ka anti-oxidation, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā radical free, ka hana anti-lipid peroxidation, ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular, antibacterial, antiviral, a me nā hopena antiallergic. ʻO nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai a me nā palaoa i loko o ke aupuni mea kanu he waiwai nui i nā pigments flavonoid.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā pigments flavonoid: pepa ʻono, celery, aniani ʻulaʻula, kī ʻōmaʻomaʻo, citrus, hua waina, buckwheat, etc.

4.Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins: Ma muli o kā lākou "hana anti-oxidant" koʻikoʻi, ua ʻike nui ʻia nā anthocyanins a ua koi ʻia he "gimmick" e nā ʻoihana he nui. Ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o 300 mau ʻano anthocyanins, me ka uliuli, ka poni, ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani. He wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia mau pigments. Hiki i nā Anthocyanins ke hōʻike i nā kala like ʻole i ka loli ʻana o ka pH. Pono ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi ʻike like i ka wā e kuke ai i ka kāpeti (ʻulaʻula) i ka wai.

He paʻa ʻole loa ke ʻano kemika o nā anthocyanins, a e loli nui ke kala me ka loli ʻana o ka pH, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻulaʻula ma lalo o 7, ka poni ma 8.5, ka poni-uliuli ma 11, a me ka melemele, ka ʻalani a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele ma mua o 11. Hiki i ka oxygen, ka mālamalama a i ʻole nā ​​mahana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻololi i nā meaʻai me ka nui o ka anthocyanin i ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, pono e pale ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka hao i ka wā e hana ai iā lākou.

Hiki i nā proanthocyanidins ke hoʻopau i nā radical manuahi i loko o ke kino, loaʻa iā lākou ka hana antioxidant ikaika, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka pale ʻana a pāʻani i kahi hana anti-cancer.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā anthocyanins: ʻuala poni, laiki ʻeleʻele, kulina poni, kale poni, eggplant, perilla, kāloti, beets, etc.

Me ka poʻe e kākoʻo ana i nā mea kūlohelohe, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ke olakino a me ka palekana ma mua o nā koi psychological, a me ke komo ʻana o Kina i ka WTO e kū nei i nā pono o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pigments kūlohelohe hiki ke ʻai ʻia, e like me nā helu helu, mai 1971 a 1981 ua paʻi ka honua i 126 mau palapala sila no ka waihoʻoluʻu meaʻai, ʻo 87.5% o ia mau mea he pigments kūlohelohe hiki ke ʻai ʻia.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kaiāulu, ua lilo mālie ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoluʻu kūlohelohe i mea kaulana i nā ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, a ua holomua mālie nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻolilo ana i nā pigments kūlohelohe i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonani ʻana i ke ola.

ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu ʻoihana "E hoʻolilo i ke ao nei i ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli a me ke olakino."

No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou ma ant time!!

Nā Kuhikuhi：https://www.zhihu.com/