Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā meaʻai holoholona, ​​hiki ke waihoʻoluʻu a nani nā kala o nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā huaʻai. ʻO ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka broccoli, ke kala poni o ka eggplant, ke kala melemele o nā kāloti, a me ka ʻulaʻula o nā pepa - no ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai kēia mau mea kanu? He aha ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i kēia mau kala?

ʻO nā phytochromes he hui pū ʻana o ʻelua ʻano molekole puaʻa: nā puaʻa cytosolic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai a me nā puaʻa chloroplast hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO nā laʻana o nā mea mua he anthocyanins, flavonoids e hāʻawi i ka kala i nā pua; no ka mea maʻamau, nā carotenoids, luteins a me nā chlorophylls. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā puaʻa i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i loko o ka ethanol a me ka wai maʻamau akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe e like me ka etera a me ka chloroform. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā puaʻa momona i loko o ka methanol, akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ethanol a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ʻē aʻe. Ke hōʻike ʻia i ke alakaʻi acetate reagent, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā puaʻa wai-soluble a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ke kalapona hoʻōla; e loli pū nā kala ma muli o ka pH.

1.Clorophyll

Loaʻa ka chlorophyll i loko o nā lau, nā huaʻai a me nā algae o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, a he mea koʻikoʻi ia o nā chloroplasts mea kanu, i hui pū ʻia me nā protein i nā mea ola.

ʻO Chlorophyll he koko koko, hoʻoikaika i ka hematopoiesis, hoʻoulu i nā pūnaewele, antibacterial a me nā hopena anti-inflammatory, etc. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, uaʻike nā kānakaʻepekema i ka hopena o ka chlorophyll i ka hanaʻana i nā pūnaewele ai.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka chlorophyll: kale, alfalfa sprouts, letus, spinach, broccoli, letus, etc.

ʻO Chlorophyll ka mea nui i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi hui o nā kala i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano mea kanu āpau. Manaʻo paha kekahi, pehea kā kāloti? Pehea e pili ana i kēia mau mea ʻaʻole like ka helehelena a me ke kala i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo? ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nā kāloti i ka chlorophyll,ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa, akā ua uhiʻia ka "'ōmaʻomaʻo" e ka "melemele a me kaʻalani".

2.Carotenoid

ʻO Carotenoids kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā isomers like ʻole o nā carotenoids a me kā lākou mau mea i loaʻa i nā mea kanu. He hui ia o nā mea kala i ʻike nui ʻia ma ke ʻano, a ua ʻike mua ʻia i loko o nā kāloti, no laila ka inoa ʻo carotenoids.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā carotenoids kanaka i ka maʻi prostate pili i ka makahiki a me ka degeneration retinal macular degeneration. No laila, ua ʻae ʻia nā carotenoids maoli e ke Kuhina Ola no ka hoʻohana ʻana i meaʻai olakino anti-radiation. Loaʻa i nā carotenoids ʻokoʻa nā hana molekala, a ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o 600 carotenoids.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā carotenoids: kāloti, paukena, ʻōmato, citrus, kulina, etc.

3.Flavonoid

ʻO nā puaʻa Flavonoid, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he anthocyanins, he mau puaʻa hoʻoheheʻe wai. Mai ka hana kemika, he mea phenolic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai. Aia ia i loko o ke aupuni mea kanu, me nā hua like ʻole, a ua loaʻa nā tausani o nā ʻano. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā flavonoids ma ke ʻano he monomers. Loaʻa nā ʻano flavonoids i nā mea kanu o nā ʻohana like ʻole, nā kauoha, nā ʻano, a me nā ʻano; i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu e like me ka ʻili, ke aʻa, a me ka pua, aia nā flavonoids like ʻole. Ma kahi o 400 mau ʻano ʻano i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe kala, ʻulaʻula melemele a ʻalani ʻulaʻula paha, a ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ko lākou kala e ka pH.

Ma ke ʻano he kala meaʻai maoli, palekana ka anthoxanthin, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai, a loaʻa kekahi mau meaʻai a me nā hopena pharmacological. Loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻohana nui i ka meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ka nui o nā hopena noiʻi ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē he anti-oxidation, hoʻopau i nā radical free, anti-lipid peroxidation activity, pale i nā maʻi cardiovascular, antibacterial, antiviral, a me nā hopena antiallergic. ʻO nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai a me nā kīʻaha i loko o ke aupuni mea kanu he waiwai i nā puaʻa flavonoid.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā puaʻa flavonoids: nā pepa ʻono, ka seleri, nā aniani ʻulaʻula, ke kī ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka citrus, nā hua waina, ka buckwheat, etc.

4.Anthocyanin

ʻO Anthocyanins: Ma muli o kā lākou "hana anti-oxidant" koʻikoʻi, ʻike nui ʻia nā anthocyanins a ʻōlelo ʻia he "gimmick" e nā hui he nui. ʻOi aku ma mua o 300 mau ʻano anthocyanins i ʻike ʻia, me ka uliuli, poni, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani. ʻO kēia mau puaʻa he wai-soluble. Hiki i nā Anthocyanins ke hōʻike i nā kala like ʻole e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pH. Pono ʻoe e ʻike like i ka wā e kuke ai i ke kāpeti (ʻulaʻula) i ka wai.

ʻAʻole paʻa loa ke ʻano kemika o nā anthocyanins, a e loli maikaʻi ke kala me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pH, ʻulaʻula ma lalo o 7, poni ma 8.5, violet-blue ma 11, a melemele, ʻalani a ʻeleʻele paha ma mua o 11. Oxygen , Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā meaʻai me nā mea anthocyanin kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻeleʻele i ka māmā a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, pono e pale ʻia ka discoloration ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka hao e like me ka hiki ke hana ʻia.

Hiki i nā proanthocyanidins ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā radical manuahi i loko o ke kino, loaʻa ka hana antioxidant ikaika, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka pale ʻana a hoʻokani i kahi hana anti-cancer.

ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā anthocyanins: ʻuala poni, raiki ʻeleʻele, kulina poni, kale poni, eggplant, perilla, kāloti, beets, etc.

Me ka poʻe e kākoʻo ana i ke kūlohelohe, ka ʻimi ʻana i ke olakino a me ka palekana i nā koi psychological mua, a me ke komo ʻana o Kina i ka WTO e kū ana i nā pono o ka hoʻokele honua, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā puaʻa kūlohelohe, e like me nā helu, mai 1971 a 1981 ka honua. paʻi ʻia he 126 patent no ka waihoʻoluʻu meaʻai, a ʻo 87.5% o nā puaʻa maoli hiki ke ʻai.

Me ka ulu ʻana o ke kaiāulu, ua lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kala kūlohelohe i mea kaulana i ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā ʻoihana hoʻonaninani, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia, e hana ana i nā puaʻa kūlohelohe i mea nui o ka nani o ke ola.

ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu ʻoihana "Hana i ka honua i ka hauʻoli a me ke olakino".

No ka ʻike hou aku o ka mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou i ka manawa ant!!

Nānā: https://www.zhihu.com/