Hana maʻamauʻO ke ʻano kemika (C27H30O16•3H2O), he huaora, nona ka hopena o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka permeability capillary a me ka brittleness, mālama a hoʻihoʻi i ka elasticity maʻamau o nā capillaries. No ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage; Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka diabetic retinal hemorrhage a me ka hemorrhagic purpura ma ke ʻano he antioxidants meaʻai a me nā pigments.

Ua māhele ʻia i ʻehā mau pae hoʻohālikelike:

1. ʻO Rutin NF11: pauka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole ke aniani acicular maikaʻi loa; ʻAʻohe ʻala, ʻono ʻole; ʻEleʻele ke kala i ka lewa; Hoʻomehana ʻia i 185-192 ℃, lilo ia i kino gelatinous ʻeleʻele a palaho ma kahi o 215 ℃. Hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka ethanol paila, hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka wai paila, hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka wai anuanu, hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi i ka waiʻona isopropyl a me ka methanol, hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka trichloromethane, ether a me benzene; Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hopena alkali hydroxide. ʻO ke ʻano ʻike ʻana ʻo A: hydrolysis reflux acid hydrochloric i quercetin, nona ka helu hoʻoheheʻe he 312 ℃ B: hoʻoheheʻe ʻulaʻula cuprous oxide. C: ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hopena sodium hydroxide he melemele ʻalani D: ʻo ka hopena ethanol a me ka hopena ferric chloride he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele E: ʻo ka hopena ethanol me ka waikawa hydrochloric a me ka magnesium mālie ʻulaʻula ʻike: ≥95.0% (UV) (e nā huahana maloʻo)

Ka pohō kaumaha maloʻo: 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Koena puhi ≤0.5%

Kloropila ≤0.004%

ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ≤0.004%

Mea pili quercetin ≤5.0% (UV)

Ka huina o nā bacteria aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Ka huina o ka ʻōpala a me ka hū ≤102cfu/g

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia ʻo Escherichia coli /g

Nā kūlana mālama E mālama i loko o kahi pahu ea paʻa i kahi ʻole e hiki ai i ka mālamalama.

2. ʻO Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0Pauka melemele a melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka methanol, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka ethanol (96%), kokoke hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka methylene chloride. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hopena hydroxide. Penei ke ʻano ʻike: A: ʻO ka omo nui loa ma 257nm a me 358nm, a ʻo ke koina omo nui loa ma 358nm he 305 ~ 330. B: Pono ke ʻano omo infrared e kūlike me ka huahana kuhikuhi C: E ʻike ʻia nā kiko o ke kala like a me ka nui ma ke kūlana like o ka chromatogram o ka huahana kuhikuhi D: e hōʻike ka hopena ethanol me ka waikawa hydrochloric a me ka zinc i ka ʻulaʻula

ʻIkepili 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ma ka huahana maloʻo) (titration)

Ka wai 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Koena puhi ≤0.1%

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai omo mālamalama o nā haumia optical ma 450nm a i 800nm ​​ma mua o 0.10

Mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i loko o ka methanol ≤3.0%

Mea pili isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, haumia holoʻokoʻa ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Ka huina o nā bacteria aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Ka huina o ka ʻōpala a me ka hū ≤102cfu/g

ʻO ka bacteria gram-maikaʻi ʻole o ka bile ≤102cfu/g

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia ʻo Escherichia coli /g

ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ʻia ʻo Salmonella /25g

E mālama i nā kūlana mālama mai ka mālamalama

3. ʻO Rutin USP43ʻO ke ʻano ʻike ʻana ʻo A: ka omo nui loa ma 257nm a me 358nm, a ʻo ke koina omo nui loa ma 358nm he 305 ~ 33. B: Pono e kūlike nā spectra omo infrared me ka chromatogram o ka huahana kuhikuhi. C: Pono e kūlike ka manawa paʻa o ka piko chromatogram me ko ka huahana kuhikuhi.

ʻIkepili 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ma ka huahana maloʻo) (titration)

Ka wai 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Koena puhi ≤0.1%

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai omo mālamalama o nā haumia optical ma 450nm a i 800nm ​​ma mua o 0.10

Mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i loko o ka methanol ≤3.0%

Nā mea pili isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, nā mono-miscellaneous ʻē aʻe ≤1.0%, ka haumia holoʻokoʻa ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Ka huina o nā bacteria aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Ka huina o ka ʻōpala a me ka hū ≤103cfu/g

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia ʻo Escherichia coli /10g

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia ʻo Salmonella /10g

Paʻa ʻia ke kūlana mālama a mālama ʻia mai ka mālamalama.

4. Ke kūlana o ke Kuhina WS1-49(B)-89 o Rutinum: pauka melemele a melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, a i ʻole ke aniani acicular maikaʻi loa; ʻAʻohe ʻala, ʻono ʻole; ʻEleʻele ke kala i ka lewa; Hoʻomehana ʻia i 185 ~ 192 ℃ e lilo i gel ʻeleʻele. Hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka ethanol e paila ana, hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka wai e paila ana, hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka wai anuanu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka trichloromethane a me ka ether; Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hopena alkali hydroxide. ʻO ke ʻano ʻike: A: ʻulaʻula cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Pono ke ʻano omo infrared e kūlike me ko ka mea hoʻomalu. C: Loaʻa ka omo nui loa ma nā nalu o 259 ± 1nm a me 362.5 ± 1nm.

ʻIke ≥93.0% (UV) (e ka huahana maloʻo)

Ka pohō kaumaha maloʻo 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Koena puhi ≤0.3%

Mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole i loko o ka methanol ≤2.5% (mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole i loko o ka ethanol)

Mea pili quercetin ≤4.0% (Papa lahilahi)

Ka huina o nā bacteria aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Ka huina o ka ʻōpala a me ka hū ≤102cfu/g

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia ʻo Escherichia coli /g

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia ʻo Salmonella /g

Paʻa ʻia ke kūlana mālama a mālama ʻia mai ka mālamalama.

Ka hopena lāʻau lapaʻau:

Hana anti-radical free

Hoʻemi ʻia nā molekole oxygen ma ke ʻano o nā electrons hoʻokahi i ka metabolism cell, a ʻo nā ion O i hana ʻia e ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā molekole oxygen ma ke ʻano o nā electrons hoʻokahi e hana i nā radical free H2O2 a me nā radical free ·OH ʻawaʻawa loa i loko o ke kino, a laila e hoʻopilikia i ka laumania o ka ʻili a hiki i ka wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻelemakule ʻili. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka rutin i ka huahana hiki ke wehe maopopo i nā ʻano oxygen reactive i hana ʻia e nā cell. ʻO Rutin kahi hui flavonoid, he antioxidant ikaika ia no ka scavenging free radicals. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻōki i ka hopena kaulahao o nā radical free, kāohi i ka peroxidation o nā polyunsaturated fatty acids ma nā biofilms, wehe i nā huahana lipid peroxidation, pale i ka pono o nā biofilms a me nā ʻano subcellular, a pāʻani i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ke kino. [2]

Ka peroxidation anti-lipid

ʻO ka lipid peroxidation e pili ana i kahi moʻo o nā kaʻina hana oxidation i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano oxygen reactive e hoʻouka ana i nā waikawa momona polyunsaturated i loko o nā biofilms. Ua hoʻoholo a kālailai ʻo Zhu Jianlin et al. i ka hana SOD i loko o nā ʻiole, ka nui o ka huahana lipid peroxidation free-radical MDA, a me ka nui o Lipofuscin i loko o ke ake nui, a ua ʻike ʻia he hopena inhibitory ko rutin i ka lipid peroxidation i loko o nā ʻiole castrated, a hiki ke kāohi i ka emi ʻana o ka hiki antioxidant o ka ʻōnaehana antioxidant i loko o nā ʻiole ma hope o ka castrated. Hiki i ka rutin ke pale aku i ka emi ʻana o ka hiki antioxidant i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka emi ʻana o ka estrogen endogenous a he hopena antioxidant. Loaʻa i ka lipoprotein density kiʻekiʻe (HDL) nā hopena anti-atherosclerotic. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke oxidized a hoʻololi ʻia ka HDL, e like me ka lipoprotein density haʻahaʻa (LDL) a me ka lipoprotein density haʻahaʻa loa (VLDL), i loko o vitro. Ke oxidized ʻia ka HDL a hoʻololi ʻia i Ox-HDL, loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka atherosclerosis. Ua noiʻi ʻo Meng Fang et al. i ka hopena o ka rutin ma ka hoʻololi oxidative HDL e ka hoʻololi oxidative i hoʻopili ʻia e Cu2+ i loko o vitro. Hopena Hiki i ka rutin ke kāohi nui i ka hoʻololi oxidative o HDL. [2]

Ka hopena antagonistic o ka platelet activating factor

ʻO ka pathogenesis o nā maʻi cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular he nui, e like me ka thrombosis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory reaction a me ka ischemia-reperfusion free radical injury, pili loa ia i ka mediation o plateletactivatingfactor (PAF). No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokūkū ʻana i ka hopena o PAF he ala koʻikoʻi ia e hōʻoluʻolu ai i nā maʻi ischemic cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hiki i ka rutin ke hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻopaʻa kikoʻī ʻana o PAF i nā receptors membrane platelet rabbit e pili ana i ka concentration, kāohi i ka PAf-mediated platelet adhesion i nā rabbits a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka Ca2+ free concentration i nā PMNs, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka hana anti-PAF a ka rutin e kāohi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka receptor PAF, a laila ālai i ka hopena i hoʻokumu ʻia e PAF, i mea e pāʻani ai i kahi kuleana i ka pale cardiovascular. Ua hōʻike nā hopena he antagonist receptor PAF ka rutin. [2]

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau anti-pancreatitis

Hiki i ka rutin ke pale pono i ka hypocalcemia a hōʻemi i ka nui o Ca2+ i loko o ka ʻiʻo pancreatic. Ua ʻike ʻia hiki i ka rutin ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka phospholipase A2 (PLA2) i loko o ka ʻiʻo pancreatic o nā ʻiole, e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka rutin ke kāohi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka hoʻāla ʻana o PLA2 i loko o ka ʻiʻo pancreatic. Hiki i ka rutin ke pale pono i ka hanana ʻana o ka hypocalcemia i nā ʻiole AP, malia paha ma ka pale ʻana i ka Ca2+ influx a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka Ca2+ overload i loko o nā cell ʻiʻo pancreatic, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino pathophysiological i ka AP. [2]

Kuhikuhi：https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

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