RutinʻO ke kumu kemika (C27H30O16•3H2O), he huaʻai, he hopena ka hopena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka capillary permeability a me ka brittleness, mālama a hoʻihoʻi i ka elasticity maʻamau o nā capillaries. No ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage; Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka hemorrhage retinal diabetic a me ka purpura hemorrhagic e like me nā antioxidants meaʻai a me nā puaʻa.

Ua māhele ʻia ʻo ia i ʻehā mau pae hoʻohālike.

1. Rutin NF11: ka pauda melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole ke aniani acicular maikaʻi loa; ʻAʻala ʻole, ʻono ʻole; Pōʻeleʻele ke kala i ka lewa; Hoʻomoʻa ʻia i 185-192 ℃, lilo ia i kino gelatinous brown a decompose ma kahi o 215 ℃. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol paila, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka isopropyl alcohol a me ka methanol, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka trichloromethane, etera a me benzene; Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka solution alkali hydroxide. ʻO ke ala ʻike ʻo A: hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis i quercetin, nona ka helu hoʻoheheʻe he 312 ℃B: ʻulaʻula cuprous oxide precipitation. C: He ʻalani melemele ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka solution sodium hydroxide.

Pohō kaumaha maloʻo:5.5% ~ 9.0%

Puhi koena ≤0.5%

Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

ʻulaʻula ≤0.004%

Mea pili i ka quercetin ≤5.0%(UV)

Huina helu o na hua bacteria aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Ka huina o ka mold a me ka hū ≤102cfu/g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Escherichia coli /g

Nā kūlana mālama E kūʻai i loko o kahi pahu pale ea mai ka mālamalama.

2. ʻO Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: Melemele a melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo pauda. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka methanol, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol (96%), aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka methylene chloride. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka solution hydroxide. Penei ke ʻano o ka ʻike: A: ʻO ka nui o ka absorption ma 257nm a me 358nm, a ʻo ka coefficient absorption kiʻekiʻe ma 358nm ʻo 305 ~ 330. B: Pono ke ʻano o ka infrared absorption me ka huahana kuhikuhi C: Nā kiko o ke kala like a ʻike ʻia ka nui ma ke kūlana kūpono o ka chromatogram o ka huahana kuhikuhi D: solution ethanol me hydrochloric acid a me ka zinc e hōʻike i ka ʻulaʻula

Maʻiʻo 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ma ka hua maloʻo)(titration)

Māmā 7.5% ~ 9.5%(Cartesian)

Ke ahi koena ≤0.1%

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻoheheʻe māmā o nā haumia optical ma 450nm a 800nm ​​ma mua o 0.10

Mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka methanol ≤3.0%

Isoquercetin pili ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, paumaele ≤4.0%(HPLC)

Huina helu o ka bacteria aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Ka huina o ka mold a me ka hū ≤102cfu/g

Bile gram-negative bacteria ≤102cfu/g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Escherichia coli /g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Salmonella / 25g

Mālama ʻia nā kūlana mālama mai ka mālamalama

3. Rutin USP43: ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana, ʻo ia ka A: ʻoi loa ka absorption ma 257nm a me 358nm, a ʻo ka coefficient absorption kiʻekiʻe ma 358nm ʻo 305 ~ 33. B: Pono e kūlike ka spectra absorption infrared me ka chromatogram o ka huahana kuhikuhi. C: Pono ka manawa paʻa o ka piko chromatogram me ko ka huahana kuhikuhi

Maʻiʻo 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ma ka hua maloʻo)(titration)

Māmā 7.5% ~ 9.5%(Cartesian)

Ke ahi koena ≤0.1%

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻoheheʻe māmā o nā haumia optical ma 450nm a 800nm ​​ma mua o 0.10

Mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka methanol ≤3.0%

ʻO nā mea pili i ka isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, nā mono-miscellaneous ≤1.0%, ka pau ʻole o ka haumia ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Huina helu o ka bacteria aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Ka huina o ka mold a me ka hū ≤103cfu/g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Escherichia coli / 10g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Salmonella / 10g

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kūlana mālama a mālama ʻia mai ka mālamalama.

4. Kūlana Kuhina WS1-49(B)-89 o Rutinum: ka pauda melemele a melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole ke aniani acicular maikaʻi loa; ʻAʻala ʻole, ʻono ʻole; Pōʻeleʻele ke kala i ka lewa; Hoʻomoʻa ʻia i 185 ~ 192 ℃ e lilo i gel brown. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ethanol paila, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai hoʻolapalapa, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai anuanu, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka trichloromethane a me ka etera; Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka solution alkali hydroxide. ʻO ke ala e ʻike ai: A: ʻulaʻula cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Pono ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike infrared me ko ka mea mana. C: Loaʻa ka absorption kiʻekiʻe ma nā nalu nalu o 259±1nm a me 362.5±1nm.

Maʻiʻo ≥93.0%(UV)(ma ka huahana maloʻo)

Pohō kaumaha maloʻo 5.5% ~ 9.0%

ʻO ke koena ahi ≤0.3%

Mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka methanol ≤2.5% (mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻonā i ka ethanol)

Mea pili i ka quercetin ≤4.0%(Papa lahilahi)

Huina helu o na hua bacteria aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Ka huina o ka mold a me ka hū ≤102cfu/g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Escherichia coli /g

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Salmonella /g

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kūlana mālama a mālama ʻia mai ka mālamalama.

Ka hopena pharmacological:

ʻO ka hana antifree radical

Hoʻemi ʻia nā molekele oxygen ma ke ʻano o nā electrons hoʻokahi i loko o ka cell metabolism, a ʻo nā ion O i hana ʻia e ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā molekala oxygen ma ke ʻano o nā electrons hoʻokahi a laila e hoʻopuka i ka H2O2 a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa loa ·OH manuahi manuahi i loko o ke kino, pēlā e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻili. ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana i ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka rutin i ka huahana hiki ke wehe i nā ʻano oxygen reactive i hana ʻia e nā cell. ʻO Rutin kahi pūhui flavonoid, he antioxidant ikaika no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā radical manuahi. Hiki iā ia ke ho'ōki i ke kaulahao o nā radical manuahi, kaohi i ka peroxidation o nā polyunsaturated fatty acids ma nā biofilms, e hoʻoneʻe i nā huahana peroxidation lipid, pale i ka pono o nā biofilms a me nā hale subcellular, a pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui i ke kino. [2]

Anti-lipid peroxidation

ʻO ka lipid peroxidation e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā kaʻina hana hoʻokahe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano oxygen reactive e kūʻē ana i nā waikawa momona polyunsaturated i loko o nā biofilms. Zhu Jianlin et al. Ua hoʻoholo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hana SOD i nā ʻiole, ka maʻiʻo o ka lipid peroxidation huahana MDA, a me ka maʻiʻo o Lipofuscin i loko o ke ake nui, a ʻike ʻia ua loaʻa ka rutin i kahi hopena inhibitory ma ka lipid peroxidation i nā ʻiole castrated, a hiki ke kāohi i ka emi ʻana o ka mana antioxidant. o ka ʻōnaehana antioxidant i nā ʻiole ma hope o ke kāpī ʻia. Hiki iā Rutin ke pale i ka emi ʻana o ka mana antioxidant ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka estrogen endogenous a he hopena antioxidant. ʻO ka lipoprotein kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (HDL) he hopena anti-atherosclerotic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo HDL, e like me ka lipoprotein haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDL) a me ka lipoprotein haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa (VLDL), hiki ke hoʻokahe ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka vitro. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka HDL i Ox-HDL, loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka atherosclerosis. ʻO Meng Fang et al. ua noiʻi i ka hopena o ka rutin ma HDL oxidative hoʻololi e Cu2+ mediated oxidative hoʻololi in vitro. ʻO ka hopena hiki iā Rutin ke kāohi nui i ka hoʻololi oxidative o HDL. [2]

Ka hopena antagonistic o ka platelet activating factor

ʻO ka pathogenesis o nā maʻi cardiovascular a me ka cerebrovascular, e like me ka thrombosis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory reaction and ischemia-reperfusion free radical injury, pili loa i ka mediation o plateletactivatingfactor (PAF). No laila, ʻo ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hopena o ka PAF he ala koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā maʻi ischemic cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hiki i ka hana ke kūʻē i ka paʻa pono ʻana o ka PAF i ka rabbit platelet membrane receptors i hilinaʻi ʻia, kaohi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka platelet i hoʻopili ʻia e PAf a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike Ca2+ manuahi i nā PMN, e hōʻike ana i ka hana o ka hana anti-PAF a rutin. e pale i ka ho'ōla ʻana o ka mea loaʻa PAF, a laila e kāohi i ka hopena i hoʻoulu ʻia e PAF, i mea e pāʻani ai i ka pale cardiovascular. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he mea kūʻē ʻo rutin i ka PAF receptor antagonist. [2]

Anti-acute pancreatitis

Hiki iā Rutin ke pale pono i ka hypocalcemia a hoʻemi i ka ʻike Ca2+ i loko o ka ʻiʻo pancreatic. Ua ʻike ʻia e hiki i ka rutin ke hoʻonui i ka phospholipase A2 (PLA2) i loko o ka ʻiʻo pancreatic o nā ʻiole, e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka rutin ke keʻakeʻa i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o PLA2 i loko o ka ʻiʻo pancreatic. Hiki i ka Rutin ke pale pono i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hypocalcemia i nā ʻiole AP, ma ka pale ʻana paha i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Ca2+ a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o Ca2+ i loko o nā cell tissue pancreatic, a laila e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino pathophysiological i AP. [2]

Nānā: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

No ka hana maʻamau, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou. Ke kali nei mākou iā ʻoe ma ʻaneʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa.