Mea Hoʻoluʻu ʻIli Hua Waina ʻUlaʻula
ʻO ka mea hoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula i ka ʻili hua waina, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he ʻili hua waina, he mea hoʻoluʻu anthocyanin kūlohelohe i loaʻa mai ka pomace hua waina—ʻo ia nā ʻili i koe ma hope o ka wai hua waina a i ʻole ka hana waina ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā hua a me nā mea haumia mai ka pomace, a ukali ʻia e ka unuhi ʻana me ka wai a i ʻole ka ethanol papa meaʻai, ka kānana ʻana, ka hoʻohuihui ʻana, a me nā ʻanuʻu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomoe hou ʻia kekahi mau huahana i loko o ke ʻano pauka ma o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka maltodextrin. ʻO kāna mau mea nui e komo pū me nā glucosides anthocyanin e like me ka malvidin, peonidin, delphinidin, a me ka petunidin-3'-glucoside, me nā flavonoids. ʻAʻole wale kēia mau hui e hoʻoholo i kona hiki ke hoʻoluʻu akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i kona mau waiwai antioxidant kūlohelohe.
He ʻokoʻa nā waiwai physicochemical o ka mea hoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula ʻili waina: ʻokoʻa kona ʻano mai ka ʻulaʻula hohonu a i ka pauka poni-ʻulaʻula, me nā ʻano wai a me ka paʻi i loaʻa pū kekahi, me kahi ʻala ʻano iki. He mea hoʻoheheʻe loa ia i ka wai, ethanol, propylene glycol, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā momona, nā aila, a me ka ethanol piha. Pili nui kona kala i ka pH—e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻulaʻula paʻa, ʻālohilohi a i ka poni-ʻulaʻula ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic, e neʻe ana i ka uliuli i nā wahi kūlike ʻole, a e huli ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo paʻa ʻole i nā hoʻonohonoho alkaline.
Eia kekahi, he palena kona hoʻomanawanui i ka mālamalama a me ka wela; ʻo ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka mālamalama ikaika a i ʻole nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai ke mae ke kala. I ke alo o nā ion metala e like me ka hao a me ke keleawe, hiki ke ʻeleʻele i kahi aka poni-ʻeleʻele, a he maʻalahi ia i ka discoloration ma muli o ka oxidation, me ka mana kala kūpono a me ke kūpaʻa wela ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa.
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